28 Jan Yoga yama
Non esiste Tradizione iniziatiche che non ci indichi all’inizio del cammino il buon comportamento da seguire nella società e verso noi stessi, al fine di essere civili verso gli altri ma soprattutto per conoscere noi stessi. Seguire le regole ci co-stringe a verificare cosa vorremmo fare al di fuori di esse e ci co-stringe a fare i conti con noi stessi e ciò che da questa osservazione emerge.
L’uomo per sua natura non è docile (per fortuna…), necessita di essere “regolato” diretto, indirizzato, come ogni potente energia che vuole espandersi verso l’alto..; come un bambino va contenuto al fine di aiutarlo a gestire e dominare le sue emozioni più istintuali, così l’uomo per prendere coscienza di se stesso e di cosa lo compone ha bisogno di regole.
Regole dettate da ogni religione primordiale, da ogni tradizione iniziatica, sempre uguali a se stesse. Le religioni dei primordi servivano a relegare le persone dentro un certo tipo di cammino, al fine di poterle indirizzare.. queste regole e queste vie sono presenti ovunque, anche se oggi spesso vengono banalizzate o rifiutate da un senso comune che tende a demonizzare la regola, che tende a demonizzare il sacrificio e la forza di volontà non più come atto di liberazione ma solo come costrizione. Niente di più triste e sconsolante… è il declino del cammino interiore.
Tutte le tradizioni possono essere comprese approfondendone una soltanto, questo perché tutte dicono parti di Verità ed è possibile trovarle ovunque se approcciamo allo studio e all’esperienza con mente libera dal pregiudizio.
Così come spiegato già nel precedente articolo, in questa serie di articoli useremo i Sutra di Patanjali per approfondire aspetti dell’inizio del cammino per renderlo saldo e fermo!
Yoga Sutra – Versi sullo Yoga di Patanjali
La struttura dello Yoga Sutra è composta da 194 aforismi, diviso in 4 parti o Pada:
samadhi – estasi ( anche se per alcuni autori etimologicamente in questo contesto significa sintesi)
sadhana – pratica, adorazione, mezzo per la liberazione
vibhuti – poteri (Siddhi)
kaivalya – isolamento, astrazione, coscienza assoluta.
Nel secondo libro, Sadhana Pada, dopo una bellissima introduzione dove ci descrive il cammino, l’autore che è tutto tranne che certo, ci indica come cominciare a Lavorare su noi stessi nel mondo, per il mondo e fuori dal mondo. Non sarà un Lavoro facile e veloce, ci vorranno anni per Osservare e definire, per consolidare, solvere e coagulare noi stessi verso ciò che siamo.
Nel tempo e nel luogo in cui fu trascritto, presumibilmente i praticanti vivevano isolati e praticavano ogni giorno con il proprio Maestro che poteva seguirli, “bastonarli” e correggerli. Ma noi dobbiamo fare i conti con la nostra realtà odierna, con la nostra vita quotidiana e non possiamo certo aspettare di “avere tempo” per prenderci cura della nostra integrità morale e la costruzione della nostra Anima, del Ponte verso l’Universo. Quindi cercheremo di affrontare la cosa più in profondità, più ampiamente, e con più sacrificio possibile di modo da comprendere la sconfinata grandezza e gioia che c’è dietro la pratica di Yama e di tutti i precetti di autocontrollo e disciplina che possiamo trovare ovunque come precetto dell’inizio del cammino di liberazione.
Solo un animo sincero, onesto, libero da attaccamento e brama può vedere davvero che tutto è Uno e che esiste una sola Tradizione divisa in tanti luoghi del mondo e che parla lingue diverse ma che porta sempre alla verità ultima, alla costruzione dell’Uomo Nuovo.
Il Raja Yoga ci invita così:
YS II. 30. Autocontrollo, o yama, è il primo passo dello yoga, e si compone dei cinque voti seguenti: non violenza (ahimsa), veridicità (satya), onestà (asteya), continenza (brahmacharya), e non possessività (aparigraha).
Potremmo spendere milioni di parole, ci sono in effetti moltissimi testi validi o meno editati, così come tantissimi articoli al riguardo, eppure tutto è il nulla cosmico se non è supportato dall’esperienza e dalla pratica. Le parole scritte e dette servono a mostrare che qualcosa da vedere c’è, a far nascere sana curiosità, a muovere i pensieri in quella direzione, a sviluppare attitudini ecc.. ma il Lavoro su se stessi si compie soli.
Osservare, osservare e riosservare per verificare l’osservato, è il Lavoro che è invitato a fare chi si avvicina ad un sentiero di Ricerca. Viene chiesto di tenere d’occhio se stessi in ogni istante della giornata e della notte. Viene chiesto di stanare le proprie abitudini, incongruenze, di sacrificare atteggiamenti e pensieri in favore del precetto osservato. E’ un Lavoro lungo, sacrificante, in cui si osserva spesso il silenzio e la solitudine, mentre un turbinio di pensieri inarrestabili vortica….. un Lavoro fatto con tutto se stessi (corpo-mente-emozioni).
Gli Yama uno ad uno
Qualche approfondimento su ognuno di loro per intravederne la grandezza e l’utilizzabilità nel quotidiano, per sviluppare le doti e le caratteristiche necessarie alla crescita personale. Il tutto è frutto di personali ricerche e considerazioni che non vogliono essere Verità assoluta ma solo un caloroso invito ad approfondire e condividere la nascita di un Individuo …
Tutti i precetti radunati nei Sutra che appartengono a testi più antichi Indiani sono in realtà delle depurazioni del Karma. Purificando questa vita, educando e controllando consapevolmente questi aspetti facciamo pulizia degli “errori e orrori” commessi eventualmente in una intera e completa esistenza che si muove nel segno dell’infinito e che sale e scende tra nascita e morte fisica.
Ahimsa – non violenza ( non uccidere, non fare del male, non nuocere)
Il potere che deriva dalla pratica di Ahimsa (non violenza) è forse il più grande di tutti, esso infatti ha una potente azione sulla nostra mente che è costretta a vedere, riconoscere, ed osservare in noi la paura più grande: perdere qualcosa. La violenza che esercitiamo è spesso la ricerca del potere, la competizione, è il bisogno di dimostrare uno stato di superiorità verso l’altro, supremazia ed esteriorità, a volte semplicemente superficialità. La violenza nasce dal bisogno di difesa e qui dobbiamo notare come l’atto violento nasconda paura, difesa di una posizione… di un valore, di una ideologia… tutto nasce dall’attaccamento ad un’idea, un ideale, una cosa…
Osserviamo il momento in cui nasce l’istinto alla violenza, focalizziamo quel momento, viviamolo… sentiamolo, consapevolizziamo. Se non vediamo con gli occhi dell’esperienza non possiamo conoscere davvero.
Ma la violenza va riconosciuta, in parole, azioni, non azioni, pensieri e silenzi. Ad esempio dietro ad ogni reazione istintiva e meccanica c’è la paura, c’è la persona. Attenzione però che essere non violenti non vuol dire essere passivi, subire la violenza altrui o attraverso la non azione generarne comunque. La non violenza è osservare le azioni e le non azioni intorno a noi e allo stesso tempo osservare come risuonano con le note che trovano dentro di noi e muoverci con esse consapevolmente. Viviamo immersi in un continuo stimolo sensoriale di causa ed effetto e il nostro compito è di renderci sempre più consapevoli delle nostre scelte ed azioni. Una azione in risposta dovrà sempre esserci ma consapevole, senza ledere l’altro, noi e il nostro insegnamento ricevuto e dato.
La comprensione del “male minore” ci aiuta a comprendere fin dove può arrivare un atto di violenza, o meglio dove fermarsi.
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