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KUMBH MELA

KUMBH MELA

Il grande raduno spirituale indiano il Kumbh Mela: nella cultura indiana sono tante le tradizioni religiose che raccontano momenti di vita ad alto impatto scenografico ed emotivo.

Oltre alla festa legata al raccolto per ringraziare Dio ed augurare prosperità e armonia per l’anno nuovo e l’Holi Festival, l’appuntamento che celebra l’arrivo della primavera, a spiccare é il Kumbh Mela che, per un mese intero, ogni tre anni richiama l’attenzione di milioni di fedeli che si ritrovano, a rotazione, in una delle quattro località nel centro-nord del paese quali Allahabad, Haridwar, Ujjain e Nashik.

Il Kumbh Mela è il cuore dell’induismo, è un’invasione di immagini, una cascata di stimoli per i nostri sensi. Un luogo di sacralità ma anche di materialità, fatta di terra, di profumi di spezie, di fiori, di frutta, di offerte, di canti, di inni, di inviti ad entrare nei padiglioni, a scoprire la saggezza di  scuole e tradizioni.
Escono correndo dalle proprie tende i Naga Baba, nudi e coperti solo di cenere: sono sadhu, gli asceti guerrieri, i più rigorosi adepti di una tradizione di meditazione solitaria che in questa occasione si riuniscono e si trasformano, si esaltano e si precipitano verso il Gange per farvi il bagno sacro, indifferenti alla propria nudità di fronte alla folla, alle volte con una spada in mano.

Il Festival della Brocca viene percorso da cortei e processioni, alla testa dei quali c’è spesso un trattore o un camion, un carro di buoi o un’automobile, tutti comunque ricoperti di ghirlande di fiori arancioni, tutti con un trono più o meno luccicante e sovrastato da un ampio ombrello che simboleggia il cielo. Sul trono c’è il guru o la guru, variamente circondati dai propri fedelissimi e seguiti a piedi da una folla festante.

Lo scopo è quello di liberarsi dai condizionamenti dell’esistenza materiale e, attraverso il bagno rituale, purificare il proprio karma. Nelle scritture vediche è detto che abitando per almeno tre giorni alla confluenza dei fiumi sacri si conquista la salvezza, e che bagnandosi nelle acque sacre nei momenti più propizi si ottiene la liberazione dal ciclo di morti e rinascite.

Le origini di questa tradizione si perdono nella mitologia indù: non è una semplice cerimonia religiosa, secondo la teologia induista l’origine della festività deriva da un episodio in cui si racconta una disputa tra Dei e demoni per la famosa Urna Sacra che racchiudeva l’Amritha, il nettare dell’immortalità. Il dio Jayanta si tramutò in corvo e riuscì così a sottrarla e a fuggire inseguito dai demoni, durante il volo si fermò 4 volte sulla terra a riposare, ad ogni sosta, alcune gocce di Amritha uscirono dal vaso bagnando il suolo. Da queste gocce nacquero le 4 città sacre, fulcro del raduno sacro.

La sua fuga durò in tutto 12 giorni, ma un giorno degli Dei corrisponde ad un anno degli uomini, il Maha Kumbh Mela si celebra ogni 12 anni e sempre ad Allahabad. Il raduno intermedio Ardh Kumbh Mela si tiene ogni 6 anni, alternativamente a Allahabad o a Haridwar, mentre altri eventi minori, Magh Mela, sempre di immensa suggestione, si tengono a turno ogni anno ad Allahabad, Haridwar, Nashik o Ujjain.

Il primo Snan, che consiste nel bagno rituale previsto dal rito canonico del Maha Kumbh Mela, per i religiosi avviene il giorno di Mauni Amavasya, quando i Naga Sadhus si immergono, rigorosamente per primi, sono nudi e armati, dopo di loro si immergono altri Sadhus e poi i Guru portati dai loro discepoli fino alla riva su baldacchini coloratissimi, auto decorate o rimorchi di trattore addobbati. Poi, fino al tramonto, tocca ai comuni pellegrini.
Già dalla luna piena del mese migliaia di Sadhus e pellegrini cominciano a confluire nella città titolare. Gigantesche tendopoli vengono appositamente allestite per i milioni di pellegrini che in genere si alternano durante tutto il periodo festivo.

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